False Memories in Psychology Apa Style Essay

educate in which a soulfulnesss identity and interpersonal relationships argon centered around a fund of traumatic experience which is objectively irrational that in which the person strongly believes. cross off that the syndrome is not characterized by ridiculous memories as such(prenominal). We completely have memories that be inaccurate. Rather, the syndrome may be diagnosed when the retrospection is so deeply ingrained that it orients the individuals sinless personality and lifestyle, in turn disrupting all sorts of other adaptive behaviorFalse Memory Syndrome is especially destructive because the person assiduously avoids foe with each evidence that skill challenge the memory. Thus it takes on a life of its own, encapsulated and resistant to correction. The person may become so foc utilise on memory that he or she may be effectively distracted from coping with the real problems in his or her life. A false memory is a memory which is a distortion of an actual experi ence, or a confabulation of an imagined one. many a(prenominal) false memories include confusing or mixing fragments of memory events, around of which may have happened at different times but which ar have in minded as occurring together. Many false memories involve an error in source memory. any(prenominal) involve treating dreams as if they were playbacks of real experiences. Still other false memories are believed to be the result of the prodding, leading, and suggestions of therapists and counselors. Finally, Dr. Elizabeth Loftus has shown not only that it is possible to implant false memories, but that it is relatively easy to do so (Loftus, 1994).A memory of your mother throwing a glass of milk on your mother when in fact it was your father who threw the milk is a false memory based upon an actual experience. You may remember the event vividly and be able to see the action clearly, but only corroboration by those present smoke determine whether your memory of the event is accurate. Distortions such as switching the roles of people in ones memory are quite common. Some distortions are quite dramatic, such as the following examples of false memories due to confusion nearly the source of the memory. A womanhood accused memory expert Dr. Donald Thompson of having looted her.Thompson was doing a live interview for a television program ripe before the rape occurred. The woman had seen the program and apparently confused her memory of him from the television screen with her memory of the rapist (Schacter, 1996, 114). Jean Piaget, the groovy child psychologist, claimed that his earliest memory was of nearly cosmos kidnapped at the age of 2. He remembered details such as sitting in his baby carriage, watching the nurse defend herself against the abductor, scratches on the nurses face, and a police officer with a short cloak and a white baton chasing the kidnapper away.The story was reinforced by the nurse and the family and others who had heard the story. Piaget was convinced that he remembered the event. However, it never happened. Thirteen years after the alleged kidnapping attempt, Piagets former nurse wrote to his parents to confess that she had made up the entire story. Piaget later wrote I therefore must have heard, as a child, the account of this story and communicate it into the past in the form of a visual memory, which was a memory of a memory, but false (Tavris).Remembering being kidnapped when you were an sister (under the age of three) is a false memory, al most(prenominal) by definition. The left indifferent prefrontal lobe is undeveloped in infants, but is required for long-term memory. The elaborate encoding required for classifying and call up such an event micklenot occur in the infants brain. The brains of infants and very young children are clear of storing fragmented memories, however. Fragmented memories can be disturbing in adults. Schacter notes the case of a rape dupe who could not remember the rape, which took place on a brick pathway.The words brick and path kept popping into her mind, but she did not connect them to the rape. She became very upset when taken back to the scene of the rape, though she didnt remember what had happened there (Schacter 1996, 232). Whether a fragmented memory of infant abuse can cause significant psychological damage in the adult has not been scientifically established, though it seems to be widely believed by many a(prenominal) psychotherapists. What is also widely believed by many psychotherapists is that many psychological disorders and problems are due to the repression of memories of childhood versed abuse.On the other hand, many psychologists maintain that their colleagues doing repressed memory therapy (RMT) are encouraging, prodding, and suggesting false memories of abuse to their perseverings. Many of the recover memories are of being sexually abused by parents, grandparents, and ministers. Many of those accused claim the memorie s are false and have sued therapists for their alleged role in creating false memories. It is as unlikely that all recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse are false as that they are all straight.What is known about memory makes it especially difficult to sort out uncoiled from distorted or false recollections. However, some consideration should be given to the fact that certain brain processes are necessary for any memories to occur. Thus, memories of infant abuse or of abuse that took place part one was unconscious are unlikely to be accurate. Memories that have been puted by dreams or hypnosis are notoriously unreliable. Dreams are not usually direct playbacks of experience. Furthermore, the data of dreams is generally ambiguous.Hypnosis and other techniques that ply upon a persons suggestibility must be used with great caution lest one create memories by suggestion rather than pry them loose by careful questioning. Furthermore, memories are often mixed some parts are acc urate and some are not. Separating the two can be a chore under ordinary circumstances. A woman might have consciously repressed childhood sexual abuse by a neighbor or relative. Some experience in adulthood may serve as a retrieval clue and she remembers the abuse. This disturbs her and disturbs her dreams.She has nightmares, but now it is her father or grandfather or priest who is abusing her. She enters RMT and within a some months she recalls vividly how her father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, priest, etc. , not only sexually abused her but engaged in direful satanic rituals involving human sacrifices and cannibalism. Where does the truth lie? The patients memories are real and horrible, even if false. The patients suffering is real whether the memories are true or false. And families are destroyed whether the memories are true or false.Should such memories be taken at face value and accepted as true without any attempt to prove otherwise? Obviously it would be steep t o ignore accusations of sexual abuse. Likewise, it is unconscionable to be willing to see lives and families destroyed without at least trying to find out if any part of the memories of sexual abuse is false. It also seems inhumane to encourage patients to recall memories of sexual abuse (or of being abducted by aliens) unless one has a very skillful reason for doing so.Assuming all or most emotional problems are due to repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse is not a estimable enough reason to risk harming a patient by encouraging delusional beliefs and damaging familial relationships. Assuming that if you cant disprove that a patient was abducted by aliens, then he believably was, is not a good enough reason. A responsible therapist has a duty to religious service a patient sort out delusion from reality, dreams and confabulations from truth, and real abuse from imagined abuse.If good therapy means the encouragement of delusion as standard procedure, then good therapy ma y not always be value it. Finally, those who find that it is their duty to determine whether a person has been sexually abused or whether a memory of such abuse is a false memory, should be well versed in the current scientific literature regarding memory. They should know that all of us are pliable and suggestible to some degree, but that children are especially vulnerable to suggestive and leading questioning.They should also remember that children are highly imaginative and that just because a child says he or she remembers something does not mean that he or she does. However, when children say they do not remember something, to keep questioning them until they do remember it, is not good interrogation. Investigators, counselors, and therapists should also instigate themselves that many charges and memories are heavily influenced by media coverage. People charged with or convicted of crimes have noticed that their chances of gaining philanthropy increase if others believe they were abused as children.People with grudges have also noticed that nothing can destroy another person so quickly as being charged with sexual abuse, while at the same time providing the accuser with sympathy and comfort. Emotionally disturbed people are also influenced by what they read, see, or hear in the mass media, including stories of repressed abuse as the cause of emotional problems. An emotionally disturbed adult may accuse another adult of abusing a child, not because there is good evidence of abuse, but because the disturbed person imagines or fears abuse. In short, investigators should not rush to judgment.